SA-178/SA-178M Grade A C D electric-resistance-welded steel pipe ,
steel boiler and superheater tubes
SPECIFICATION FOR ELECTRIC-RESISTANCEWELDED
CARBON STEEL AND CARBON-MANGANESE
STEEL BOILER AND SUPERHEATER TUBES
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers
minimum-wall-thickness,electric-resistance-welded tubes made of
carbon steel and
carbon-manganese steel intended for use as boiler tubes,boiler
flues, superheater flues, and safe ends.
NOTE 1 — Type C and D tubes are not suitable for safe-ending for
forge welding.
1.2 The tubing sizes and thicknesses usually furnished to this
specification are 1⁄2 to 5 in. [12.7 to 127 mm] in
outside diameter and 0.035 to 0.320 in. [0.9 to 9.1 mm], inclusive,
in minimum wall thickness. Tubing having other
dimensions may be furnished, provided such tubes comply with all
other requirements of this specification.
1.3 Mechanical property requirements do not apply to tubing smaller
than 1⁄8 in. [3.2 mm] in inside diameter or
0.015 in. [0.4 mm] in thickness.
1.4 When these products are to be used in applications conforming to
ISO Recommendations for Boiler Construction,
the requirements of Specification A 520 shall supplement and
supersede the requirements of this specification.
1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be
regarded separately as standard. Within the
text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each
system must be used independently of the other. Combining values
from the two systems may result in nonconformance
with the specification. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the
“M” designation of this specification is specified in the order
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A 226/A 226M Specification for Electric-Resistance- Welded Carbon
Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes for High-Pressure Service
A 450/A 450M Specification for General Requirements for Carbon,
Ferritic Alloy, and Austenitic Alloy Steel Tubes
A 520 Specification for Supplementary Requirements for Seamless and
Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel
Tubular Products for High-Temperature Service Conforming to ISO
Recommendations for Boiler Construction.
E 213 Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Metal Pipe and Tubing
E 273 Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Longitudinal Welded
Pipe and Tubing
8. General Requirements
8.1 Material furnished under this specification shall conform to the
applicable requirements of the current edition
of Specification A 450/A 450M unless otherwise provided herein.
9. Tensile Requirements
9.1 Grade C and D tubes shall conform to the requirements as to
tensile properties prescribed in Table 2.
NOTE 3: Explanatory Note — For purposes of design the following
tensile properties may be assumed for Grade A tubes:
Tensile strength, min, ksi [MPa] 47 [325]
Yield Strength, min, ksi [MPa] 26 [180]
Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, min, % 35
| TABLE 1 |
| CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS |
| Element | Grade A | Grade C, | Grade D, |
| Low-Carbon | Medium- | Carbon-Manganese |
| Steel | Carbon Steel | Steel |
| Carbon | 0.06-0.18 | 0.35max | 0.27 max |
| Manganese | 0.27-0.63 | 0.80 max | 1.00-1.50 |
| Phosphorus,max | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.030 |
| Sulfur,max | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.015 |
| Silicon | … | … | 0.10 min |
| TENSILE REQUIREMENTS |
| | | | Grade C | Grade D |
| Tensile strength,min,ksi(Mpa) | | 60(415) | 70(485) |
| Yield strength,min,ksi(Pma) | | 37(255) | 40(275) |
| Elongation in 2 in.or 50 mm,min,% | | 30 | 30 |
| For longitudinal strip tests a deduction | | 1.50A | 1.50A |
| for each 1/32 in.(0.8mm)decrease in wall | | |
| thickness below 5/16 in.(8 mm)from the | | |
| basic minimum elongation of the following | | |
| percentage points shall be made | | | |
| MINIMUM ELONGATION VALUES |
| Wall Thickness | Elongation in 2 in.or 50 |
| in. | mm | mm,min,%A |
| 5/16(0.312) | 8 | 30 |
| 9/32(0.281) | 7.2 | 29 |
| 1/4(0.250) | 6.4 | 27 |
| 7/32(0.219) | 5.6 | 26 |
| 3/16(0.188) | 4.8 | 24 |
| 5/32(0.156) | 4 | 22 |
| 1/8(0.125) | 3.2 | 21 |
| 3/32(0.094) | 2.4 | 20 |
| 1/16(0.062) | 1.6 | 18 |
